State parties may opt out of the inquiry procedure at the time of signature, ratification or accession of CEDAW by declaring that the State does not recognize the competence of the Committee to undertake inquiries.
Generally, the inquiry procedure proceeds in five steps. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women also maintains reports and documentation relating to inquiry procedures on its webpage. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women also prepares general recommendations that discuss any issue relating to women that it believes State parties should devote their focus towards. The Committee maintains a current list of general recommendations on its website.
The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women also hosts General Discussion days in order to commence the process of adopting a general recommendation. Past general discussions have included rural women , access to justice , women in conflict and post-conflict situations , and harmful practices.
Furthermore, any group may submit information to the Committee or prepare an individual complaint on behalf of a victim. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women invites NGOs and other civil society stakeholders to provide submissions about the States whose reports are before the Committee. All submissions should be sent by email in pdf format and by post 30 hard copies at least two weeks prior to the beginning of each session.
NGOs are also encouraged to provide reports or other State-specific information to the pre-session working group. At the end of that decade, close to a hundred states accepted the convention and forty years later countries are State Parties, another two are signatories Palau and the USA , while only six countries have not taken any action regarding the Convention Holy See, Islamic Republic of Iran, Niue, Somalia, Sudan, Tonga.
CEDAW helps women around the world to bring about change in their daily life. In countries that have ratified the treaty, CEDAW has been invaluable in opposing the effects of discrimination, which include violence, poverty, and lack of legal protections, along with the denial of inheritance, property rights, and access to finances.
Special considerations are awarded women in rural areas who are subject to increased pressure and discrimination. Parts five and six are dedicated to the establishment of the CEDAW Committee and the procedures necessary for the implementation of the Convention as well as the interplay of CEDAW and other human rights treaties and state obligations and commitment.
The Convention defines discrimination against women as " By accepting the Convention, States commit themselves to undertake a series of measures to end discrimination against women in all forms, including:. The Committee celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary on the opening day of its thirty-ninth session - Monday, 23 July , The Convention provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women's equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life -- including the right to vote and to stand for election -- as well as education, health and employment.
States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms.
The Convention is the only human rights treaty which affirms the reproductive rights of women and targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and family relations. The Concluding Observations are very important resources for gender equality work. Not only do they provide authoritative guidance about what CEDAW requires in individual country contexts, but they are also valuable advocacy tools for use by gender equality advocates to press for needed changes in their countries.
The General Recommendations GRs are statements by the CEDAW Committee about how different aspects of the Convention should be interpreted, and are intended to be additional guidance to assist governments in their implementation the Convention. A number of core international human rights treaties have protocols that States parties can sign on to.
These Optional Protocols are treaties in their own right, and are open to signature, accession or ratification by countries who are party to the main treaty. Optional Protocols create avenues for individuals to make complaints about the violation of their rights to a treaty body, or empower a treaty body to conduct inquiries on areas of concern.
An inquiry procedure enables the CEDAW Committee to conduct inquiries into serious and systematic abuses of women's human rights in countries that become States parties to the Optional Protocol. The complaints procedure, also known as the communications procedure, gives individuals and groups of women the right to petition or the right to complain to the CEDAW Committee about violations of rights. It reinforces the Convention — it offers the first gender specific international complaints procedure, putting it on par with other human rights treaties with such procedures.
The Committee is able to focus on individual cases when considering CEDAW, and able to say what is required from States in individual circumstances.
Article 29 is subject to a large number of reservations and has never been used. Gender equality advocates around the world have been working to encourage their governments to sign on to the OP-CEDAW with some success — to date there are States parties to the OP.
Specific meeting times are set aside during the formal sessions for the Committee to hold discussions with NGOs. They translate key documents into local languages and disseminate these as widely as possible to raise awareness about the Convention. UN Women HQ. Asia and the Pacific.
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