Hence, there is ongoing debate whether the continued use of alcohol swabbing is clinically necessary and effective for routine injections or vaccinations. The purpose of this report is to summarize the evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of skin preparation prior to injections. Evidence-based guidelines regarding preparing the skin for injection will also be sought.
Excerpt Infection control is a priority for all health care professionals and includes a variety of practices commonly used for patients and the general public. CADTH is an independent, evidence-based agency that finds, assesses, and summarizes the research on drugs, medical devices, and procedures. In response, CADTH searched for and critically appraised the available evidence on the clinical effectiveness of skin preparation prior to injections and produced a report on what was found.
When CADTH searched for published studies on this topic, it found that only one, the results of which were published in , met the inclusion criteria for the review. The study was conducted in a Canadian outpatient clinic where children were receiving standard childhood vaccinations. Afterward, their parents were asked to report on whether their child experienced any skin reactions, pain, redness, swelling, or feelings of heat at the injection site.
When the data related to pain was analyzed further, it turned out that the children who had received their injection into swabbed skin felt the pain from the needle for a longer time than those who received injections into unswabbed skin. But, wait — what did the study say about the effect of alcohol swabbing on the incidence of skin infection? Although the swabs themselves are inexpensive, the cost of using them is not insignificant when you consider how many of them are used during public vaccination programs.
Until further research can inject some certainty about its effectiveness, some will continue to wonder if we should still be swabbing prior to routine injections and vaccinations. Most are probably just thinking about the needle. Hospital News. Finding solutions for foggy eye protection. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Should we alter our perception of psychedelics for clinical use? Latest News. New type of expanded dialysis is improving quality of life for Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.
Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. Recruitment status was: Recruiting First Posted : April 27, Last Update Posted : May 2, Study Description. At present, however, clinical trials do not demonstrate a clinical impact of using or not using alcohol swabs on infections and infection symptoms calling into question the practice of using it prior to all injections. These studies are methodologically flawed, and do not specifically examine vaccine injections.
The present study is being undertaken to provide some preliminary data for the risk of infection and infection symptoms when alcohol swabs are not used to perform vaccine injections. Detailed Description:. Drug Information available for: Ethanol. FDA Resources. Arms and Interventions. Alcohol will be wiped adjacent to the vaccine injection site immediately before vaccine injection.
Outcome Measures. Diabetes Care ; 16 1 ; Workman B. Safe injection techniques. Nursing Standard ; 13 39 : Rotter M. Hand washing and hand disinfection. Mayhall CG. Ed Hospital epidemiology and infection control, 2nd Edition.
Best infection control practices for intradermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular needle injections. Fundamentals of Nursing: Collaborating for Optimal Health. CDC guidelines for the prevention and control of nosocomial. Infections: guidelines for prevention of intravascular infections.
American Journal of Infection Control. The use of alcoholic wipes for disinfection of injection sites. Immunisation: Principles and Practice.
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