Non-aggressive toys - tea set, crayons, three bears, and plastic farm animals The children were brought into the room for 20 minutes and any aggressive behavior toward the toys were observed and rated through a one-way mirror.
The children who observed the aggressive model made more aggressive responses that both imitated or did not imitate choosing their own method of aggressive behavior what they observed than those who were in the non-aggressive or control groups. The girls who were in the aggressive model condition showed more physically aggressive responses if the model was male. If the model was female, they show more verbally aggressive responses. Boys were more likely to imitate what the male models showed them.
Boys generally imitated more physically aggressive acts than the girls. There was little difference in the verbal aggression between boys and girls. This study brought about important implications for the effects of media violence on children. Many psychologists are critical of lab studies of imitations. They find that there tends to have low ecological validity the methods, materials and setting of the study approximating to the real-world. Critics have stated that due to the child and the model being strangers, this is a very different scenario than a child being influenced within a family.
Cumberbatch found that children who had not played with a Bobo Doll before were five times as likely to imitate the aggressive behavior than those who were familiar with it. He claimed that the novelty value of the doll makes it more likely that children will imitate the behavior. A further criticism of the study is that the demonstrations are measured almost immediately. With snap shot studies, it is difficult to discover if a single exposure has long-term effects.
It is possible to argue that the experiment was unethical. Interestingly, there was no change in aggression when the model was rewarded for bad behavior. Martyn Shuttleworth Mar 26, Bobo Doll Experiment.
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Martyn Shuttleworth Don't miss these related articles:. These findings are still debated about over 40 years later. Back to Overview "Social Psychology Experiments". Next Article » "Good Samaritan Experiment". Full reference:. Related articles Related pages:. Want to stay up to date? Follow us! Follow ExplorableMind. Save this course for later Don't have time for it all now?
No problem, save it as a course and come back to it later. Results of the experiment supported Bandura's social learning theory. Bandura and his colleagues believed that the experiment demonstrates how specific behaviors can be learned through observation and imitation. The authors also suggested that "social imitation may hasten or short-cut the acquisition of new behaviors without the necessity of reinforcing successive approximations as suggested by Skinner.
According to Bandura, the violent behavior of the adult models toward the dolls led children to believe that such actions were acceptable. He also suggested that as a result, children may be more inclined to respond to frustration with aggression in the future. In a follow-up study conducted in , Bandura found that while children were more likely to imitate aggressive behavior if the adult model was rewarded for his or her actions, they were far less likely to imitate if they saw the adult model being punished or reprimanded for their hostile behavior.
As with any experiment, the Bobo doll study is not without criticisms:. Bandura's experiment remains one of the most well-known studies in psychology. Today, social psychologists continue to study the impact of observed violence on children's behavior.
In the decades since the Bobo doll experiment, there have been hundreds of studies on how observing violence impacts children's behavior. Today, researchers continue to ponder the question of whether the violence children witness on television, in the movies, or through video games translates to aggressive or violent behavior in the real world.
Ever wonder what your personality type means? Sign up to find out more in our Healthy Mind newsletter. Bandura A. Influence of models' reinforcement contingencies on the acquisition of imitative responses.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. Ferguson CJ. Blazing Angels or Resident Evil? Can violent video games be a force for good? Review of General Psychology. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellMind. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
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