If you're unsure of a solution's final concentration, check with your pharmacy. Closely monitor any patient receiving a hypertonic solution for circulatory overload. Don't give hypertonic solutions to a patient with any condition that causes cellular dehydration, such as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Nor should any patient with impaired heart or kidney function receive an infusion of hypertonic solution-his system just can't handle the extra fluid. Infusion Nurses Society.
Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice. Norwood Mass. Kee JL. Stamford, Conn. Weinstein S. Philadelphia, Pa. All rights reserved. Membership is free and comes with many benefits. Note: You must also be a member and log in to purchase articles. Excess use may lead to hyponatremia due to the dilution of sodium, especially in patients who are prone to water retention.
Hypotonic sodium solutions are used to treat hypernatremia and other hyperosmolar conditions. It should be used in caution for patients with heart failure and renal insufficiency. Used together with dextrose. Another hypotonic IV solution commonly used is 2. This solution is used to treat dehydration and decreased the levels of sodium and potassium. It should not be administered with blood products as it can cause hemolysis of red blood cells.
The following are the general nursing interventions and considerations when administering hypotonic IV solutions:. This effect causes cells to shrink and may disrupt their function. They are also known as volume expanders as they draw water out of the intracellular space, increasing extracellular fluid volume.
Hypertonic sodium chloride solutions contain a higher concentration of sodium and chloride than normally contained in plasma. Infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride solution shifts fluids from the intracellular space into the intravascular and interstitial spaces. Hypertonic sodium chloride IV solutions are available in the following forms and strengths:.
Hypertonic sodium chloride solutions are used in the acute treatment of sodium deficiency severe hyponatremia and should be used only in critical situations to treat hyponatremia.
They need to be infused at a very low rate to avoid the risk of overload and pulmonary edema. If administered in large quantities and rapidly, they may cause an extracellular volume excess and precipitate circulatory overload and dehydration.
Therefore, they should be administered cautiously and usually only when the serum osmolality has decreased to critically low levels. Some patients may need diuretic therapy to assist in fluid excretion.
It is also used in patients with cerebral edema. However, dextrose is quickly metabolized and only the isotonic solution remains. Therefore, any effect on the ICF is temporary. Hypertonic dextrose solutions are used to provide kilocalories for the patient in the short term. Higher concentrations of dextrose i. It should be administered using a central line if possible and should not be infused using the same line as blood products as it can cause RBC hemolysis.
The following are the general nursing interventions and considerations when administering hypertonic IV solutions:. Colloids contain large molecules that do not pass through semipermeable membranes.
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Important Links Advertise Contact Us. Get Free Email Updates: Enter your email address below and hit "Submit" to receive free email updates and nursing tips. Advocating for yourself is a key to success! There are three types of IV fluids: 1. Isotonic 2. Hypotonic 3. Check out our glossary.
There are many different types of common isotonic fluids, such as: 1. Normal Saline 0. Hypotonic IV Fluids.
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