Emery-Dreifuss Childhood to early teens Symptoms include weakness and wasting of shoulder, upper arm, and shin muscles. Facioscapulohumeral Childhood to early adults Symptoms include facial muscle weakness and weakness with some wasting of shoulders and upper arms. Limb-Girdle Late childhood to middle age Symptoms include weakness and wasting, affecting shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle first. Myotonic Ages 20 to 40 Symptoms include weakness of all muscle groups and delayed relaxation of muscles after contraction.
Oculopharyngeal Ages 40 to 70 Symptoms affect muscles of eyelids and throat causing weakening of throat muscles. What are other neuromuscular diseases? Age at onset. Symptoms, rate of progression, and life expectancy. Teen to early adulthood. Childhood to early teens. Childhood to early adults. Late childhood to middle age. Motor neuron diseases: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS , or motor neuron disease Infantile progressive spinal muscular atrophy Intermediate spinal muscular atrophy Juvenile spinal muscular atrophy Adult spinal muscular atrophy Progressive muscular atrophy infectious myelitis polio, West Nile Inflammatory myopathies: Dermatomyositis Polymyositis Inclusion body myositis Diseases of peripheral nerve: Charcot-Marie tooth disease Dejerine-Sottas disease Friedreich's ataxia Diseases of the neuromuscular junction: Myasthenia gravis Lambert-Eaton syndrome Botulism.
Metabolic diseases of the muscle: Acid maltase deficiency Carnitine deficiency Carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency Debrancher enzyme deficiency Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency Mitochondrial myopathy Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency Phosphorylase deficiency Phosphofructokinase deficiency Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency Less common myopathies: Central core disease Hyperthyroid myopathy Myotonia congenita Myotubular myopathy Nemaline myopathy Paramyotonia congenita Periodic paralysis-hypokalemic-hyperkalemic.
Duchenne 2 to 6 years Age at onset Age at onset Symptoms include general muscle weakness and wasting; affects pelvis, upper arms, and upper legs; eventually involves all voluntary muscles; survival beyond 20s is rare.
Seen in boys only. Very rarely can affect woman, who have much milder symptoms and a better prognosis. Distal 40 to 60 years Age at onset Age at onset Symptoms include weakness and wasting of muscles of the hands, forearms, and lower legs; progression is slow; rarely leads to total incapacity.
Emery-Dreifuss childhood to early teens Age at onset Age at onset Symptoms include weakness and wasting of shoulder, upper arm, and shin muscles; joint deformities are common; progression is slow; sudden death may occur from cardiac problems. Facioscapulohumeral childhood to early adults Age at onset Age at onset Symptoms include facial muscle weakness and weakness with some wasting of shoulders and upper arms; progression is slow with periods of rapid deterioration; life span may be many decades after onset.
Limb-Girdle late childhood to middle age Age at onset Age at onset Symptoms include weakness and wasting, affecting shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle first; progression is slow; death is usually due to cardiopulmonary complications. Ultrasound therapy, surgery, changes in diet and nutrition, exercises are also some options to cure atrophy.
Muscular dystrophy is a combination of genetic disease that destroys the body cells and organs that result in the weakening of muscles and power. It is caused because of a lack of a protein called dystrophin that builds the muscles and power up your body tissues.
This absence can lead to a weaker part of life like swallowing, walking challenges, weakening of muscles coordination. It can happen at any age, but mostly it occurs in childhood.
It depends upon the type and the severity of symptoms. Well, most people lose the ability to walk and eventually, they need supporters or wheelchairs to facilitate themselves. Symptoms like trouble walking, loss of arm reflex, posture, lack of enthusiasm, bone thinning, lack of energy, breathing challenges, mild impairments, pain in joints, difficulty while standing and sitting, lung and heart weakness, swallowing challenges.
But treatment include assisted ventilation, medication, surgeries to correct body postures, treating scoliosis, surgeries to treat cardiac problems. Therapies play a greater role in eliminating this problem with significant positive results. Strengthening of muscles, maintained diet plans, and range of motions will surely help. Finally, with age, there are respiratory and cardiac complications arising as a result of weakness of muscle of respiration and the heart.
These are mostly fatal. Difference in treatment. Atrophy can be avoided by regular exercises and continuous usage of all sets of muscles. Improving nutrition and lifestyle modifications will eventually result in reversal of the muscular atrophy in people who have acquired it due to stroke, burns, fractures, etc. Dystrophy is genetic and hence, cannot be reversed. There is also very little treatment available for muscular dystrophy other than pain relief in case of muscle pain. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy will help keep patient away from contractures.
Certain corrective surgeries and use of orthopedic devices like braces for improving the motility by means of support are helpful. The only medications useful in muscular dystrophies are steroids as they are end stage diseases with no real cure. The treatment of atrophy is with regular exercises under the guidance of the doctor. It is generally recommended to perform exercises under water so that there is lesser resistance and load on the weak muscles.
Prognosis for muscular atrophy is good as person is otherwise normal and except one group of muscles can use the rest of the muscles well, whereas in dystrophy the prognosis is bad as the patient keeps deteriorating and eventually becomes immobile.
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