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This hash value is transmitted in the packet, along with a key ID and a non-decreasing sequence number. The receiver, which knows the same password, calculates its own hash value.
If nothing in the message changes, the hash value of the receiver should match the hash value of the sender which is transmitted with the message. The key ID allows the routers to reference multiple passwords. This makes password migration easier and more secure. For example, to migrate from one password to another, configure a password under a different key ID and remove the first key.
The sequence number prevents replay attacks, in which OSPF packets are captured, modified, and retransmitted to a router. As with plain text authentication, MD5 authentication passwords do not have to be the same throughout an area. However, they do need to be the same between neighbors. Note: Cisco recommends that you configure the service password-encryption command on all of the routers.
This causes the router to encrypt the passwords in any display of the configuration file and guards against the password being learned by observing the text copy of the configuration of the router. Note: The area authentication message-digest command in this configuration enables authentication for all of the router interfaces in a particular area.
You can also use the ip ospf authentication message-digest command under the interface to configure MD5 authentication for the specific interface. Certain show commands are supported by the Output Interpreter Tool registered customers only , which allows you to view an analysis of show command output. Use the show ip ospf interface command to view the authentication type configured for an interface, as this output shows.
Here, the Serial 0 interface is configured for Plain text authentication. The show ip ospf neighbor command displays the neighbor table that consists of the neighbor details, as this output shows.
The show ip route command displays the routing table, as this output shows. These sections provide information you can use to troubleshoot your configurations. Issue the debug ip ospf adj command in order to capture the authentication process.
This debug command should be issued before the neighbor relationship is established. But what should you use instead? Unfortunately, MD5 has been cryptographically broken and considered insecure. For this reason, it should not be used for anything. It is always recommended to store user passwords using a hashing algorithm and you should find that it is equally easy to use SHA-2 in place of MD5 in any modern programming framework.
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