One of the first known uses of war propaganda was by Alexander the Great. After being forced to retreat in a battle Alexander the Great realized that it would be a disadvantage to show he was weak and had to retreat.
He overcame this problem by using propaganda to intimidate the opposing army. Another occurrence of wartime propaganda occurred in Vietnam where Americans would kidnap and blindfold Vietnamese fisherman.
The result was the Vietnamese concentrating their efforts to destroy a nonexistent group Labash, 20 Dec, One of the most well-known propaganda experts in war history was Adolf Hitler. In Hitler wrote a political statement describing his dislike of the Jewish people and asking that after his death people continue to stay strong in their beliefs. It was wanted and provoked solely by international statesmen either of Jewish origin or working for Jewish interests. Propaganda posters, such as the one below, were all around Germany.
In his book Mein Kampf, Hitler dedicated an entire section to the discussion of war propaganda. He described the purpose of war propaganda was to support Germany in the war and bring help bring victory. Hitler had the power to use propaganda as a tool that he could use for the control of the masses. His use of propaganda caused a movement against the Jewish people, which eventually led to the holocaust and the extermination of millions of Jewish people. Hitler described his idea of propaganda in his autobiography Mein Kampf:.
Goebbels a very good speaker and journalist who continually updated the people on the state of the war making light of the mistakes of the enemy and the power of Germany Beck 1. When asked about propaganda Dr. Goebbels answered "Propaganda? Good propaganda for a good cause!
We advertise for our own ideal, and therefore we fight using all good means to make good propaganda to win the soul of our people" Fritzsche, Goebbels perceived propaganda as an honest tool, which brings the people together for their country. Eugen Hadamovsky, a German radio announcer described Dr. Goebbels as a German hero. With the support that Dr. Goebbels did not stop at just promoting National Socialism, he continued his successful propaganda campaign during the war effort in order to keep the government support from the German people.
In a article given to the German people Dr. Goebbels gave a response to the criticisms that the Americans were giving the Germans. It was propaganda articles like this that blinded the German people to the eventual destruction that resulted from National Socialism.
In his article Dr. Goebbels wrote:. It has every right to do so. Its humanity is shown by lynchings. Its civilization is shown in economic and political scandals that stink to high heaven. Its human rights are displayed by eleven or twelve million unemployed, who apparently chose to be so. And its culture exists only because it is always borrowing from the older European nations. Such a nation is certainly justified in sneering at ancient Europe, whose nations and peoples looked back on centuries, even millennia of cultural achievements even before America was discovered.
The American press replies to our complaints by saying that they have nothing against Germany, only against National Socialism. That is a poor excuse. National Socialism today is Germany's guiding political idea and worldview. The entire German nation affirms it.
Propaganda has been used in wars throughout history and will continue to be a major tool in the future struggles. Without all the facts propaganda articles like Dr. Goebbels anti-American article can turn an entire country against another. Today, propaganda is seen in a different light because of the increased mobility of the media.
The media is now embedded directly in the combat of the war giving the people a near first hand view of what is happening. Today, in the war on Iraq, propaganda is more apparent then ever due to the number of media sources embedded in the war. Derogatory nicknames were given to enemies in both World Wars, and posters showed the Japanese and German soldiers resembling rats or monsters. During the Cold War, both the Soviet Union and the United States used propaganda against each other, to try to persuade their own citizens, as well as those in other countries, of who was right.
It's not always a state or institution that uses propaganda. Corporations, non-profits, and political campaigns will use techniques very similar to propaganda to affect stock prices or market conditions, to further a piece of legislation, or to make a rival candidate look bad. It can be as simple as circulating a rumor about a rival company or suggesting some misdeed by a political candidate. Even if the information is untrue, if a news outlet gets wind of a rumor and begins to ask questions, it can be difficult to disprove it.
If a leader or politician, especially the president, makes a misleading or negative remark about a company or a person, that too can have the effect of swaying public opinion in a certain direction.
Propaganda has taken on a whole new twist with the rise of so-called fake news sites. Publishers seeking advertising revenue through page views will create misleading or flat-out incorrect "news" articles with sensational or controversial headlines. Once these articles begin circulating on social media platforms, it can be very difficult to verify or disprove them. Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Hitler is adept and completely unscrupulous in appealing to various groups in Germany.
There has been little consistency in his appeals, but there have been many suggested cure-alls for discontented or unhappy groups. It has no philosophy and no concern for the truth. In a given situation it will accept any theory that might prove useful and it will abandon that theory as soon as the situation changes.
National Socialism is for agrarian reform and against it, for private property and against it, for idealism and against it. The advertising man appeals to desire in the interest of his client. The desire to be strong and healthy, to be socially acceptable, to be beautiful, sells drug products, cosmetics, reducing preparations, soaps, perfumes. Anyone who is accustomed to reading advertisements will instantly recall dozens of illustrations of appeals to such desires used to promote a wide variety of products.
The advertising slogan packs meaning into short sentences. The purpose is to get them noticed. They will find their way into the minds of people. When a person is choosing a commodity to buy, it is expected that the slogan will come easily to the surface of his mind. Appeals were shortened and emotionalized, since many readers will not wade through explanations of why one commodity is better than another.
The history of international political propaganda, the experts tell us, is full of examples of the use of striking slogans. Though the Nazi propaganda both inside and outside Germany has been marked by terror, this is not a common characteristic of slogans and symbols. Sometimes slogans have fired the imaginations of people in the past and continued their influence down to the present. Propaganda makes use of slogans, but it also makes effective use of symbols.
A symbol is a concrete representation of air idea, action, or thing—a sign that stands for something, as crossed rifles stand for the Infantry and as wings and propeller represent the Air Forces.
A symbol can be a word, a mark, an object, a song, a flag, an image, a picture, a statue, or some collective or grouped representation—anything that conveys a common thought to masses of people. A symbol is a kind of cement that holds together a social group.
The propagandist knows the art of working with symbols. He uses symbols to develop both favorable and unfavorable attitudes. Symbol usage will create likenesses that are used much as a stenographer uses shorthand. Cartoonists have stereotyped symbols to represent the taxpayer, the college professor, and many others.
There is some reason to believe that in the past half century there has been a decrease in the number of popular symbols used in the Western nations. But a vast amount of symbolism has been created by the fascist, Nazi, and communist states. The Nazis made their symbols so unmistakable and conspicuous that if any German omitted to display or use them, he would be quickly detected.
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