J R Coll Physicians Edinb. Manore, M. Dietary supplements for improving body composition and reducing body weight: where is the evidence? Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellFit. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
I Accept Show Purposes. Table of Contents View All. Table of Contents. Legal Uses. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign Up. Court of Appeals in Prior to the ban, industry groups were saying the substance had been used by 12 million people.
Using data from the National Poison Data System, the researchers found that ephedra poisonings peaked at 10, in and then began a significant decline to by Major effects, defined as hospitalization usually requiring critical care, peaked the same year, at , one year after the system began collecting ephedra data. By , such reports were down to three or fewer per year. The number of deaths peaked later -- at seven in The combination of ephedrine and caffeine appears to exert greater effects on your body than either ingredient alone 12 , For example, ephedrine plus caffeine increases metabolic rate more than ephedrine alone Some research has even reported that caffeine and ephedrine individually had no effects on weight loss, while the combination of the two did produce weight loss Over 12 weeks, ingesting a combination of ephedra and caffeine 3 times per day led to a reduction of 7.
Another 6-month study in overweight and obese people compared a supplement containing ephedrine and caffeine to a placebo during a weight loss program The group taking ephedrine lost 9.
The ephedrine group also decreased body weight and LDL bad cholesterol more than the placebo group. Overall, the available evidence indicates that ephedrine-containing products — particularly when paired with caffeine — may increase weight and fat loss.
Ephedrine plus caffeine may increase metabolic rate and fat loss more than either ingredient alone. Studies show the combination of ephedrine and caffeine produces greater weight and fat loss than a placebo.
Doses of ephedrine used in research vary, with intakes of less than 20 mg per day considered low, 40—90 mg daily considered moderate, and doses of — mg per day considered high. Although some positive effects on metabolism and body weight have been seen across a variety of doses, many have questioned the safety of ephedrine. Individual studies have shown mixed results regarding the safety and side effects of this substance across a variety of doses. Some have reported no significant side effects, while others indicate a variety of side effects that even caused participants to withdraw from the studies 10 , 17 , In-depth reports have combined the results of multiple studies to better understand concerns associated with ephedrine consumption.
One analysis of 52 different clinical trials found no serious adverse events such as death or heart attack in studies on ephedrine — with or without caffeine Yet, the same analysis found these products were associated with a two- to threefold increased risk of nausea , vomiting, heart palpitations, and psychiatric problems. Additionally, when individual cases were examined, several deaths, heart attacks, and psychiatric episodes were potentially linked to ephedra Based on the evidence, potential safety concerns were significant enough to prompt legal action in the United States and elsewhere 1.
While some individual studies did not demonstrate serious side effects of ephedra or ephedrine consumption, mild to highly concerning side effects became apparent upon examination of all available research. Israelsen said other supplement makers feared that if the F. The FDA stated, "Essentially all currently marketed dietary supplements will be affected by the rule.
The rule does not pertain to traditional Chinese herbal remedies. Criticized by some for dragging its feet, the FDA is now clearly taking a leadership role. McNamara SH. FDA has adequate power and authority to protect the public from unsafe dietary supplements.
HerbalGram ; New York Times. The ephedra ban is not enough editorial. New York Times Jan. USA Today. USA Today Jan 6, Citizens petition by the American Herbal Products Association for regulations requiring adverse experience reporting for dietary supplements. Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids; Reopening of the comment period Docket No.
Federal Register Mar.
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