Negative responses from friends and family included lack of belief, blaming the victim, and anger directed at the victim for disclosing IPV expereince. I need to work on that. Experiences included instances where a female perpetrator made the false allegation to either the men or to the police. Given the breadth and depth of this dimension of disclosure it has been explored in detail elsewhere Sivagurunathan et al.
This subtheme represents how commenters provided a course of action to deal with the IPV. He was arrested for domestic violence, even though he never touched her. Sad thing is, he is one of the nicest people I know. I would record every interaction you have with her. EVERY single interaction. Advice provided by commenters fell in a broad spectrum and included: legal advice, self-care, leaving the relationship, and referrals.
In terms of legal advice most of the commenters expressed that OP should minimize or avoid contact with the abuser entirely. If contact with the abuser could not be avoided, then the commenters advised documenting the abuse or any contact with the abuser as well as having a witness present when meeting with the abuser. You may not be able to use it in court but I know a few men who have had their hides saved by the evidence. In addition to preventing false allegations commenters suggested that documenting the interactions and having witnesses could be beneficial in family court.
Text her that you are leaving the house for 30 minutes. One commenter remarked:. Nice Guy. They stressed the importance of reaching out to friends and family for support during episodes of abuse or during separation. In addition, commenters suggested speaking to physicians to receive medications to help alleviate any physical or emotional issues. Commenters also advised the OP to leave the relationship as soon as possible. They expressed that it would be better to leave the abusive relationship rather than staying and trying to reform the abusive partner.
When OP mentioned having a child, commenters expressing concern for the child urged them to leave the relationship for the sake of the child. Finally, despite highlighting some perceived systemic issues around services for male IPV survivors, commenters advised OP to seek support from services for their IPV victimization.
For example, one commenter expressed:. Subtheme was developed from comments providing a perspective on the victimization. Commenters urged that OP should perceive the situation as a war. She already does. Commenters also provided possible diagnoses as causes of the abuse e.
Sentiment that the male survivors of IPV deserves to find happiness and do not deserve the abuse or to put up with an abusive partner were expressed by many of the commenters. One commenter observed:.
In cases where the OP indicated that they had a child with the abusive partner, the commenters urged OP to act for the benefit of the child. Keep your daughter in mind when you waver, too. Commenters noted that females may play the victim and falsely accuse the OP of perpetrating the IPV in order to gain sympathy from law enforcement, court system, and social service organizations.
Commenters with their own experiences of IPV indicated experiencing and being further victimized by systemic biases, including being arrested as a perpetrator, losing custody of their children, and being turned away from services. Furthermore, OP was advised to take systemic biases into account when considering their situation and actions. Some commenters identified systemic biases as a major barrier to disclosure of male IPV. These perceptions of systemic biases have been explored in depth elsewhere Sivagurunathan et al.
Some commenters also expressed concern the OP may be further victimized by the criminal justice system. Compliment were given to OP for seeking help for their IPV or taking steps to leave the abusive relationship. Way to hold yourself high and protect your life! You did well to get him out of that environment.
Other commenters validated the feeling that any type of violence is abuse. Social network support consisted of offering companionship for OP. Here to listen. Tangible aid was characterized by offers of loans or willingness to help.
In cases where OP indicated they could not leave the abusive relationship because of financial or material barriers e.
Four subthemes emerged and highlighted the various facets of negative response: a Interruption, b Victim-Blaming, c Minimizing Disclosure, and d Questioning Disclosure. This was done primarily through dismissing male IPV as not being a serious issue, or highlighting the higher prevalence of IPV amongst women. Some responses were critical or blamed the victim for the IPV victimization. Down syndrome. Some commenters minimized the disclosure by either making jokes about the abuse or with sarcastic replies.
The conversation centered on whether males have the right to retaliate as a form of self-defence. Most people believe that if a guy is hitting you, you should hit him back in self defence. The same applies to women, many are perfectly capable of causing damage and are old enough to figure out that attacking someone is likely to result in retaliation.
Other commenters believed females are physically weaker and therefore male IPV suvivors should not be retaliating with violence and instead attempt to either leave the situation or restrain the female perpetrator as a preventive measure.
Some commenters posited this socially ingrained attitude resulted in males not knowing how to respond to the abuse by their female partners. Disclosure by OP elicited reciprocal disclosure by some commenters. Reciprocal disclosure included both self-disclosure as well as disclosure of IPV experience of friends and family.
When commenters disclosed IPV experiences of friends and family they recounted both having directly witnessed the IPV victimization or injury as well as having heard about the abuse second-hand. Some reciprocal disclosure only served one purpose or the other, while in other cases they served both purposes. One commenter, using disclosure to supplement their advise OP to seek help from police and charities, replied:.
This was my life to a TEE 6 years ago. Hang in there. Your life is going to get so much better. Given the challenges in studying IPV in males, this study provides a unique glimpse into their disclosure experience. Findings demonstrating some issues mirroring the experiences of female survivors of IPV, while others are unique to males.
This study identified a wide range of discourses on male IPV disclosures on Reddit, reflecting a number of ways that online respondents react to disclosure by male IPV survivors, including both positive aspects of social support and negative responses.
Given Reddit has an average active user count of million users a month and is used predominantly by young males Barthel et al.
This may reflect both the lower prevalence of IPV with men as victims and the ongoing stigma around male IPV victimization. The quantitative content analysis reinforce previous findings that males are reluctant to identify the IPV as victimization Brooks et al. Therefore, the limited amount of submissions may be due to the limitations of the search strategy which used a narrow set of keywords.
The limited number of disclosures may also be attributed to males perceiving Reddit as being less conducive to sensitive disclosures due to its negative culture. Unlike health forums, which are often heavily moderated and aim to foster positivity, Reddit sustains many fringe communities whose leanings tend towards shock value through sexism and racism Kilgo et al.
The toxic culture exhibited by some of the subReddits may have served as a barrier to males disclosing their IPV experiences on Reddit. Strengths and limitations associated with forums and SNSs, as well as different userbase, may result in unique disclosure processes and responses that did not emerge in the current sample. Speaking about the outcome of past disclosures, males indicated they had received both positive and negative response to their disclosure.
Despite these negative experiences or perceptions, male IPV survivors were advised to seek help from police officers and the judicial system. However, the majority of the responses by commenters were supportive, reflecting previous findings which reported male IPV survivors were satisfied with the support they received from informal sources Machado, Hines and Matos, Research with female IPV survivors indicate that supportive response to the disclosures of IPV had positive mental health impacts Edwards et al.
The limited research addressing the effects of positive and negative responses on male IPV survivors show similar findings.
For example Douglas and Hines reported positive help-seeking experiences resulted in lower levels of alcohol abuse while negative experiences were associated with higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD.
Therefore, the findings from the current study suggest disclosing IPV online may have beneficial impacts for male IPV survivors. It is important to consider some of the replies in a broader context. Many of the commenters advised OP to leave the abusive relationship. Edwards et al. Females are also less likely to seek formal intervention for the abuse if they were told to leave the abusive relationship by informal helpers Fugate et al.
Therefore, advice to leave the abusive relationship may have conflicting effects on mental health and wellbeing. While a majority of studies to date have focused on male gender role stress or toxic masculinity and the impact of masculine ideologies on problems in various facets on male health and wellbeing, a growing number of researchers have called for the need to examine masculinity using the positive psychology positive masculinity paradigm McDermott et al. While some forms of stigma may be common to both male and female IPV survivors, other forms of stigma are unique to male IPV survivors.
One form of stigma unique to male IPV survivors seems to be related to discourse around self-defence. However, research on effective self-defence strategies for male IPV survivors are limited. Type keyword s to search. Today's Top Stories. How to Eat Like Chris Hemsworth. Paige Fowler Paige Fowler is a health writer living in Chicago. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses.
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